Step 1: Materials and Tools.

What are Expansion Joints?Expansion joints are used in piping systems to absorb thermal expansion or terminal movement where the use of expansion loops is undesirable or impractical. Expansion joints are available in many different shapes and materials.Bellow you will find a short description of Metallic, Rubber and Teflon® joints.

An intercooler is just another name for a heat exchanger that is used to cool air that has been compressed by either a Super-Charger or aTurbocharger. The intercooler is placed somewhere in the path of air that flows from the turbo/supercharger to the motor. An intercooler is needed because of the physics of air described in the Ideal Gas Law, that is PV=nRT.Explaining the ideal gas law as basic as we can, we can say that because pressure and temperature are directly proportional, as you create more pressure with your turbo or supercharger, you produce more heat as well. At first one might think: “who cares how hot the air is that is going in my motor” , but there are two main reasons why this is a bad thing.1. Hot air is less dense and therefore contains less molecules of oxygen per unit volume. This means less air for the motor in a given stroke and therefore less power produced.2. Hot air also causes a higher cylinder temperature and therefore can aid in pre-detonation of the combus

HistorySpark arresters have been used in the United States since the early 1800s when screens were placed on the stacks of Jupiter locomotives, which were notorious for starting fires. The first legislation requiring spark arresters was passed in 1905 and applied to engines and boilers operated in, through, or near forest-, brush-, or grass-covered lands.The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service effort in combating equipment-related fires started in the 1920s with external combustion engines (steam donkeys) used in logging.In the early 1950s, the USDA Forest Service became interested in reducing the number of fires caused by internal combustion powered logging equipment. This effort was based on the 1934 report by J.P. Fairbanks and Roy Bainer entitled “Spark Arresters for Motorized Equipment,” published by the University of California at Berkeley. The research demonstrated that exhaust particles with a diameter of 0.023 in or larger were responsible for the maj

A pipe clamp is used to connect and seal two pieces of round pipe. There are two pipe clamp styles used worldwide. The first is a traditional pipe clamp, which consists of a horseshoe-shaped piece of round stock with threads on each end and a half-round piece of flat stock with holes in each end; the threaded ends of the first piece can pass through and be tightened by a pair of lock nuts. The second type of pipe clamp is a flat band clamp. This type of clamp is used primarily on stainless steel exhaust pipe and is intended to seal the joint without distorting the shape of the pipe. The flat piece of soft stainless steel is wrapped around the connecting pipes at the joint, and a bolt is tightened, fastening the two ends of the pipe clamp together and sealing the connection.When applying a pipe clamp to an exhaust pipe on a vehicle or in a plumbing application, it is best to never over-tighten the clamp. Doing so can distort the pipe, often resulting in a leak that cannot be sealed. The

This standard includes general information on the characteristics and common uses of galvanized iron and steel and identifies typical problems associated with these materials along with common causes of its deterioration.IntroductionGalvanizing is a process of coating iron or steel with zinc in order to provide greater protection against corrosion for the iron or steel base. The process of galvanizing sheet iron was developed simultaneously in France and England in 1837. Both of these methods employed a "hot dipping" process to coat sheet iron with zinc. Like tinplate, early galvanized metals were hand dipped. Today almost all galvanized iron and steel is electroplated.The following are the most common methods for applying protective coatings of zinc to iron and steel:Hot-dip Galvanizing:The immersion of iron or steel in molten zinc, after the surface of the base metal has been properly cleaned.This process gives a relatively thick coating of zinc that freezes into a crystalline surfac

While some of us love the sound of a straight pipe V8, or the high-pitched ring of an Italian motor, there are some of us who just love the bliss of silence. When it comes to exhaust flow, exhaust noise, and power, you will quickly see that they are all linked. You can’t have one without the others being involved in the equation. This causes a problem for some of us that want good exhaust flow and power, but also want the car to be quiet as well.It’s no surprise that just a straight through exhaust will also be the highest flowing exhaust. There is a reason why we all used to stick toilet paper in our ears at Nascar Races when we were kids. To make a lot of power you need to have a lot of flow, and what comes with a lot of flow, is a lot of noise.In comes the exhaust cutout. It was a way that automotive enthusiasts could drive their cars daily, or go out for a night on the town with a nice quiet exhaust. Then take that same car to the track and remove the cut-out block plates and open